The production and dissemination of fake news has a long history. Procopius, the Byzantine historian of the sixth century, churned out dubious histories, known as Anecdota, which he kept secret until his death in order to smear the reputation of Justinian after publicly lionizing the emperor. In 1588 the Fugger newsletter, often called the first global news service, mistakenly reported the victory of the Spanish Armada. In eighteenth-century France, the most popular genre published was the “canard,” a version of fake news hawked on the streets of Paris.

As Lewis H. Lapham writes in an introduction to this special issue, “All news is fake in the elementary sense of fabricated artifact, like Diet Pepsi and Ivory soap. Not what happened yesterday; a story about what happened yesterday.”

This Lapham’s Quarterly special issue “Fake News” features thirty extracts guiding readers through this history, from Plato and Procopius to H.L. Mencken and Hannah Arendt.

The issue also features reproductions of paintings, sculpture, and photography; infographics; and essays by Amanda Robb, Caroline Alexander, Paul Maliszewski, and Robert Darnton.